Improved Artificial Bee Colony Research Articles

An improved artificial bee colony algorithm for the multi-objective cooperative disassembly sequence optimization problem considering carbon emissions and profit

The disassembly and recycling of electronic waste are essential for realizing residual value, lowering carbon emissions and fostering sustainable development. This article addresses multi-objective cooperative disassembly planning and algorithm optimization for waste mobile phones. The model aims to reduce carbon emissions during the disassembly process and to increase profits. Moreover, an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is introduced to address the model. The model is validated using Apple smartphones as a case study. The results indicate that cooperative disassembly can lower carbon emissions by 21.04% and increase profits by 40.04% more than sequential disassembly. The efficiency of the improved algorithm was assessed using Friedman and Nemenyi tests. Significant differences were found between the IABC and the other three algorithms, with significant P-values of P = 0.001, P = 0.006 and P = 0.024. It is demonstrated that the proposed model and improved algorithm exhibit reliability and superiority.

Soft Measurement of Effluent Ammonia Nitrogen Based on IABC-MFFNN

In wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs), it is difficult to accurately measure effluent ammonia nitrogen. a soft measurement method of effluent ammonia nitrogen is proposed based on improved artificial bee colony of multi-feedback fuzzy neural network (IABC-MFFNN). Firstly, multiple feedback links are added to the fuzzy neural network (FNN). Due to existence of internal feedback and external feedback, the system can perform self-adaptive adjustments based on previous status information and output signals, which can fully reflect the dynamic information. Secondly, an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) is proposed as the parameter optimization method of the network. The multi-strategy selection mechanism was used to design different search strategies for each subgroup, and the double index dynamic subgroup mechanism was used to adjust the number of food sources for each ordinary subgroup, which improved the accuracy of the soft measurement method. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed method has higher prediction accuracy compared with other methods.

A novel algorithm to generate representative volume elements with cylindrical fibers and sphere particles

In the article, we propose a new method to generate representative volume element (RVE) of random spatial distributions with cylindrical fibers and spherical particles based on the Improved Artificial Bee Colony (IABC) algorithm. In this employed bee phase of IABC, the proposed algorithm adopts a new search strategy, which improves the computational efficiency. To analyze the differences between the fiber distribution generated by this algorithm and the actual fiber distribution, we conducted statistical analysis on the distribution of the generated RVE. The statistical analysis results of the nearest neighbor distance (NND), Second-order intensity function, and pair correlation function were in good agreement with the experiment and complete spatial randomness (CSR) patterns. In addition, the predicted elastic properties were compared with experimental measurements and theoretical prediction methods. The results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. This algorithm can quickly generate the RVE of cylindrical fibers and spherical particles with volume fractions of 80% and 62%, and the calculation time for generating the RVE of cylindrical fibers is about 17s.

The structure design and kinematics analysis of the manipulator for the upper port remote maintenance in DEMO

As part of the upper port remote maintenance in DEMO, the design of seven degrees of freedom (DOFs) redundant manipulator with a ceiling-mounted configuration was presented in this work. The proposed manipulator is capable of flexibly maneuvering around the big manipulator, extracting the stop elements, and placing them into a basket. It can also fold itself to create more space for the operation of the big manipulator. The kinematic model of the redundant manipulator was established based on the application of the Modified Denavit-Hartenberg (MDH) method, and an unconstrained optimization equation was formulated using quaternions. To solve this equation, an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm was developed by enhancing the local search capability of the employed bees and improving the search efficiency of the observation bees. The feasibility of the structural design and the IABC algorithm was verified by carrying out trajectory planning simulations of the manipulator. The design of the 7 DOFs manipulator and the corresponding offline inverse kinematics algorithm provide valuable references for the maintenance work in the upper port remote maintenance of the DEMO.

Modeling and optimization of the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times

The hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSP) is an extension of the classic flow shop scheduling problem and widely exists in real industrial production systems. In real production, sequence-dependent setup times (SDST) are very important and cannot be neglected. Therefore, this study focuses HFSP with SDST (HFSP-SDST) to minimize the makespan. To solve this problem, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to obtain the optimal solutions for small-scale instances is proposed. Given the NP-hard characteristics of HFSP-SDST, an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is developed to efficiently solve large-sized instances. In IABC, permutation encoding is used and a hybrid representation that combines forward decoding and backward decoding methods is designed. To search for the solution space that is not included in the encoding and decoding, a problem-specific local search strategy is developed to enlarge the solution space. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the MILP model and IABC. The results indicate that the proposed MILP model can find the optimal solutions for small-scale instances. The proposed IABC performs much better than the existing algorithms and improves 61 current best solutions of benchmark instances.

Automatic Design of Planar Spiral Inductors Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Aiming at the low design efficiency of planar spiral inductors in Integrated Passive Devices (IPD), a design scheme for automatically searching the optimal parameters of planar spiral inductors is presented based on the Improved Artificial Bee Colony (IABC) algorithm. By improving the single π model, the universality of the inductor equivalent model is improved, and the extracted model is convenient for the parameter optimization of the inductor. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is improved by introducing multi-neighborhood topology (MNT) and modification rate mechanism, which greatly improves the optimization efficiency of the original algorithm. The optimization parameters of the improved algorithm are simulated in ADS, and the results are consistent with the multiple design cases of planar spiral inductors, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. The improved algorithm significantly improves the design efficiency of the planar spiral inductor, making the design time of a single inductor only in seconds, and the accuracy rate is more than 90%.

A problem-specific knowledge based artificial bee colony algorithm for scheduling distributed permutation flowshop problems with peak power consumption

A distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem (DPFSP) with peak power consumption is addressed in this work. The instantaneous energy consumption of each factory cannot exceed a threshold. First, a mathematical model is developed to describe the concerned problem. Second, an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is proposed. Based on problem-specific knowledge, three new solution generation operators, e.g., shift, swap, and speed adjust, are designed for employ bees and onlooker bees. A local search operation is developed to improve the quality of current best-known solution in each iteration. 450 instances are solved to evaluate the performance of IABC via comparing to seven state-of-the-art algorithms. The average relative percentage increase (ARPI) of IABC ranks 1 among all compared algorithms. The results and discussions show that the proposed IABC algorithm has strong competitiveness for solving the DPFSP with peak power consumption.

Line Planning under the Operation Mode of Line Sharing between Metro and Suburban Railway

Due to high transport efficiency, reduced transfer time, and various other advantages, the joint operation of different rail transit systems emerges as the optimal choice for rail transit systems. This article mainly studies the line-planning problem under the line-sharing operation mode between metro and suburban railway. First, a complex multiobjective programming model is established to maximize the net profit of two operating companies and the time savings of passengers. The constraints of this model encompass passenger flow, available vehicles, line carrying capacity, station capacity, cross-line configuration, departure frequency, and variable value range. Second, the linear weighted sum method is introduced to consolidate three objective functions into a single one, while utilizing the improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm to address the line-planning problem. Besides, the traditional artificial bee colony (TABC) algorithm and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm are provided as comparison groups to solve the same numerical example problem. The results demonstrate significant reductions in travel time by adopting the line-sharing operation mode. In addition, the IABC algorithm exhibits better solution quality and higher efficiency than both the TABC and SA algorithms. The proposed method proves to be valuable in formulating and optimizing the line plan.

Improved artificial bee colony algorithm-based channel allocation scheme in low earth orbit satellite downlinks

In low earth orbit (LEO) constellations, channel utilization is low owing to variations in the traffic distributions between beams. LEO satellites improve channel utilization via the full-band multiplexing technology. However, such satellites produce significant inter-beam interference. Additionally, this inter-beam interference becomes more aggravated owing to the requirements of multiple satellite coverage. To resolve this issue, we propose a LEO channel allocation scheme based on an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm. This scheme considers the difference in inter-beam communication traffic and the limitation of co-channel interference. A binary integer-programming model and IABC algorithm allocate channels to maximize the system throughput. The channel allocation matrix corresponds to a feasible solution in the IABC algorithm. The simulation results verify the excellent performance of the proposed scheme in terms of the throughput, blocking rate, and propagation delay compared with the performance of traditional schemes.

Cluster Head Selection for the Internet of Things Using a Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (SOA)

In recent years, our life has become broader and faster by adapting to the Internet of Things (IoT). In IoT, the devices distributed globally that are connected to the Internet improve productivity in various sectors. The network plays an important role for transferring data to the sink node by collecting from all other nodes in IoT. The IoT requires energy saving since it is connected to resource-constrained devices. Energy preservation is a difficult challenge to improve network lifetime in IoT. Clustering is one of the key techniques to extend the network’s life. In that, cluster head selection is one of the promising techniques to extend the lifespan of the IoT network. Many researchers proposed various cluster head (CH) selection techniques in IoT. However, inappropriate CH selection quickly degrades a network battery and creates an energy-hole problem in the network. This paper proposes a novel sandpiper optimization algorithm (SOA) to select CH among the networks. Later, the cluster is formed by using the Euclidean distance. The proposed SOA’s accomplishments are compared to fitness value-based improved grey wolf optimization (FIGWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony-SD (ABC-SD), and improved artificial bee colony (IABC). The proposed SOA extends the network lifespan by 3-18% and increases the throughput by 6-10%. Thus, the proposed SOA increases the network lifetime and throughput and decreases the energy consumption among the nodes in the network.

A Joint Allocation Method of Multi-Jammer Cooperative Jamming Resources Based on Suppression Effectiveness

This paper studies the resource allocation problem when multiple jammers follow the aircraft formation to support ground penetration. A joint optimization allocation method of multi-jammer beam-power based on the improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is proposed. The air-to-ground “many-to-many” assault of the multi-jammer cooperative suppression jamming model is given. The constant false alarm probability detection model of the networked radar is used to evaluate the suppression effect, and a coordinated control model of multi-jammer jamming beams and emitting power is established. The optimal allocation scheme under different combat scenarios is solved by using the IABC algorithm. The search efficiency of the ABC algorithm is improved by cross mutation operation and the replacement of the worst nectar source, and the search performance of the algorithm is enhanced by the random key encoding. Due to the infeasible solution generated by the special random key encoding method, the feasible adjustment strategy is adopted. By changing the jamming parameters, the effect on the detection probability of the radar network is analyzed. Compared to the GWO, SCA, BBO and ABC algorithms, the jamming resource allocation scheme obtained by the proposed IABC algorithm makes the radar detection probability lower. The IABC algorithm has better global search capability and robustness.

Design and Robust Performance Analysis of Low-Order Approximation of Fractional PID Controller Based on an IABC Algorithm for an Automatic Voltage Regulator System

In this paper, a low-order approximation (LOA) of fractional order PID (FOPID) for an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) based on the modified artificial bee colony (ABC) is proposed. The improved artificial bee colony (IABC) high-order approximation (HOA)-based fractional order PID (IABC/HOA-FOPID) controller, which is distinguished by a significant order approximation and by an integer order transfer function, requires the use of a large number of parameters. To improve the AVR system’s performance in terms of transient and frequency response analysis, the memory capacity of the IABC/HOA-FOPID controller was lowered so that it could fit better in the corrective loop. The new robust controller is named the improved artificial bee colony (IABC) low-order approximation (LOA)-based fractional order PID (IABC/LOA-FOPID). The performance of the proposed IABC/LOA-FOPID controller was compared not only to the original ABC algorithm-tuned PID controller, but also to other controllers tuned by state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms such as the improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), cuckoo search (CS), many optimizing liaisons (MOL), genetic algorithm (GA), local unimodal sampling (LUS), and the tree seed algorithm (TSA). Step response, root locus, frequency response, robustness test, and disturbance rejection abilities are all compared. The simulation results and comparisons with the proposed IABC/LOA-FOPID controller and other existing controllers clearly show that the proposed IABC/LOA-FOPID controller outperforms the optimal PID controllers found by other algorithms in all the aforementioned performance tests.

On the Design and Optimization of Test Cases Using an Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm-Based Swarm Intelligence Approach

In this research work, a swarm intelligence-based approach, namely an improved artificial bee colony (IABC), has been proposed to design and optimize the test cases during the software testing process. The novelty of the proposed IABC algorithm is that it has three major improvement heuristics over the general ABC algorithm: (1) it replaces random population generation during the initial phase into a systematic initial solution generation by means of a novel heuristic, namely ‘Chaotic Map'; (2) to eliminate the redundant test cases, another novel heuristic, namely ‘Euclidean Distance', is applied to maintain the diversity of population; (3) to increase the convergence speed, the fitness value of the previous solution is used in the new solution generation. Further, the proposed algorithm has been evaluated with several case studies and compared with the existing works using path coverage-based test adequacy criterion. Hence, the proposed work is improved, and it outperforms the existing works and provides optimal or near optimal test case generation for efficient software testing.

Energy management of smart grid equipped by an Internet of Things (IoT) configuration: A DDFAT methodology

In this manuscript, an Energy Management System (EMS) with Internet of Things (IoT) framework in distribution system (DS) based on hybrid technique is proposed. The proposed method is the combination of Dynamic Differential Annealed Optimization (DDAO) and Feedback Artificial Tree (FAT) algorithm; therefore called as DDFAT method. The main intention of proposed method is “to optimize the power control and DS resources by constantly tracking the data into communication framework based on IoT”. In this work, the DS is inter connected to the data acquisition method that is the Internet of things uses single IP address resulting in mesh wireless network devices. The internet of things based communication scheme used to facilitate the growth of demand response (DR) for energy management (EM) DS. The transmitting data is carried out by DDFAT method. In this way, the IoT distribution scheme increases the network flexibility and offers optimal utilization of the accessible resources. Moreover, the DDFAT method is reliable to meet global supply along energy demand. The DDFAT method is implemented in MATLAB Simulink platform under three test cases and its performance is analysed with the existing improved artificial bee colony (IABC), squirrel optimization with gravitational search–assisted neural network (SOGSNN), particle swarm optimization (PSO)–assisted artificial neural network (ANN), Fruit fly Optimization algorithm (FOA), and grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOAPSNN) methods.

Global Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Module Arrays Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

In this paper, an improved artificial bee colony (I-ABC) algorithm for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic module array (PVMA) is presented. Even though the P-V output characteristic curve with multi-peak was generated due to any damages or shading discovered on the PVMA, the I-ABC algorithm could get rid of stuck on tracking the local maximum power point (LMPP), but quickly and stably track the global maximum power point (GMPP), thereby improving the power generation efficiency. This proposed I-ABC algorithm could search for the higher power point of a PVMA by a small bee colony, determine the next tracking direction through the perturb and observe (P&O) method, and keep tracking until the GMPP is obtained. This method could prevent tracking the GMPP for too long due to applying a small bee colony. First, in this study, the photovoltaic modules produced by Sunworld Co., Ltd. were used and were configured as a PVMA with four series and three parallel connections under different numbers of shaded modules and different shading ratios, so that corresponding P-V output characteristic curves with multi-peak values were generated. Then, the GMPP was tracked by the proposed MPPT method. The simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed method performed better both in dynamic response and steady-state performance than the traditional artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. According to the experimental results, it showed that the tracking accuracy for the GMPP based on the proposed MPPT with 100 iterations under 5 different shading ratios was about 100%; on the other hand, that of the traditional ABC algorithm was 70%, and that of the P&O method was lower at about 30%.

Study on the Optimal Dispatching Strategy of a Combined Cooling, Heating and Electric Power System Based on Demand Response

This paper proposes a combined cooling, heating and electric power (CCHP) system based on demand side response. In order to improve the economy of the system, a two-stage optimal scheduling scheme is proposed with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the system and maximizing user satisfaction. The optimal operation of the system was divided into two optimization problems, including the demand side and the supply side. In the first stage, combined with user satisfaction, from the new point of view that users are prone to excessive behavior due to time-of-use electricity prices, the cooling, heating and power load curves are optimized. In the second stage, an economic dispatch model that includes operating costs in terms of energy, maintenance and environment is established. An improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm is used to solve the optimal energy production scheme based on the demand curves optimized in the first stage. Case studies are conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. Compared with the CCHP system that does not consider demand response, this method reduced operation cost on typical days in summer and winter by 5.20% and 5.76%, respectively.

Smart energy management for optimal economic operation in grid-connected hybrid power system

ABSTRACT This manuscript presents a hybrid method for smart energy management (EM) in grid connected microgrid (MG) system. The grid connected micro grid system consists of photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), micro turbine (MT), and battery. The proposed method is the combined execution of Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA), hence it is called RBFNN-SSA method. Here, the necessary load demand of grid-connected MG system is constantly monitored by AI strategy. SSA has developed the perfect combination of MG considering the forecast load demand. The major intention of the RBFNN-SSA method is fuel cost involvement, grid power hourly power variation, operation with maintenance cost of grid connected micro grid system. The constraints are the accessibility of renewable energy sources (RES), power requirement and state of charge (SoC) of storage elements. Batteries are used as an energy source, to stabilize and allow the renewable power system units for maintaining constant output power. The proposed method is activated in MATLAB/Simulink working site. Then, the efficiency is assessed with existing methods such as improved artificial bee colony (IABC), bacterial foraging optimizer and artificial neural network (BFOANN), ant lion optimizer (ALO), grasshopper optimization algorithm with particle swarm optimization including artificial neural network (GOAPSNN). The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean bias error (MBE) of proposed and existing methods under 50 and 100 count of trails are also analyzed. The proposed technique achieves the RMSE is 9.3, MAPE is 4.2, and MBE is 2 for 50 number of trails. For 100 count of trails, the proposed method achieves the RMSE is 13.5, MAPE is 3.9 and MBE is 5.7. The mean, median and standard deviation of RBFNN-SSA method achieves 0.9681, 0.9062 and 0.1099. The elapsed time of RBFNN-SSA method attains 30.15 s.

Resource Load Prediction of Internet of Vehicles Mobile Cloud Computing

Load-time series data in mobile cloud computing of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) usually have linear and nonlinear composite characteristics. In order to accurately describe the dynamic change trend of such loads, this study designs a load prediction method by using the resource scheduling model for mobile cloud computing of IoV. Firstly, a chaotic analysis algorithm is implemented to process the load-time series, while some learning samples of load prediction are constructed. Secondly, a support vector machine (SVM) is used to establish a load prediction model, and an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) function is designed to enhance the learning ability of the SVM. Finally, a CloudSim simulation platform is created to select the per-minute CPU load history data in the mobile cloud computing system, which is composed of 50 vehicles as the data set; and a comparison experiment is conducted by using a grey model, a back propagation neural network, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network and a RBF kernel function of SVM. As shown in the experimental results, the prediction accuracy of the method proposed in this study is significantly higher than other models, with a significantly reduced real-time prediction error for resource loading in mobile cloud environments. Compared with single-prediction models, the prediction method proposed can build up multidimensional time series in capturing complex load time series, fit and describe the load change trends, approximate the load time variability more precisely, and deliver strong generalization ability to load prediction models for mobile cloud computing resources.

Multi-UAV Optimal Mission Assignment and Path Planning for Disaster Rescue Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithm and Improved Artificial Bee Colony Method

An optimal mission assignment and path planning method of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for disaster rescue is proposed. In this application, the UAVs include the drug delivery UAV, image collection UAV, and communication relay UAV. When implementing the modeling and simulation, first, three threat sources are built: the weather threat source, transmission tower threat source, and upland threat source. Second, a cost-revenue function is constructed. The flight distance, oil consumption, function descriptions of UAV, and threat source factors above are considered. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is utilized to estimate the weights of cost-revenue function. Third, an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is designed to solve the mission allocation task. A fitness function which considers the current and maximum iteration numbers is proposed to improve the AGA convergence performance. Finally, an optimal path plan between the neighboring mission points is computed by an improved artificial bee colony (IABC) method. A balanced searching strategy is developed to modify the IABC computational effect. Extensive simulation experiments have shown the effectiveness of our method.

Research on reverse order impoundment mode of cascade reservoir flood control system: Case study on upper reaches of Yangtze River

Flood control in the Yangtze River Basin has always been a thorny issue in Chinese history. Along with the development of water science and technology, a large number of reservoirs have been constructed in the Yangtze River Basin, especially the progress of the reservoir operation theory, the joint flood control simulation and decision-making of reservoir groups has been applied extensively, which proved an effective way to reduce the flood risks and losses in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. However, an increase in the constraints of the reservoir operation (or a single reservoir becoming a multiple-reservoir system) results in an exponential increase in the computational dimensions of the joint flood control simulation, often referred to as the 'curse of dimensionality'. Therefore, based on the aggregation-decomposition (AGDP) method, this paper proposes a cascaded reservoir group integrated operation mode, namely, the 'reverse order impoundment method of cascade reservoir' (ROIMCR) mode, and adopts the improved artificial bee colony (IABC) algorithm to solve the optimization problem of the ROIMCR mode (IABC-ROIMCR) and establish an optimal operation model for cascade reservoir joint flood control. The results show that: 1. With the 'conventional operation' (CO) mode, the ROIMCR mode has more advantages, the average peak flow reduction rate with 32.89% is higher than that of the CO mode 2.91%. 2. In solving the flood optimization operation problem of the cascade reservoir system, the application of the IABC algorithm can effectively reduce the dimensions in the mathematical mode, and has evident effects. The average peak flow reduction rate in the IABC-ROIMCR mode is 44.87%, and 14.89% higher than those of the CO mode. 3. With the IABC-ROIMCR mode, the flood crest standard of cascade reservoirs can be reduced from a 100-year return period to less than a 5-year period, and the flood crest standard of the Lizhuang Hydrological Station from more than a 50-year return period to less than 5-year period. The flood crest standard of the Zhutuo Hydrological Station can be reduced from a 100-year return period to approximately a 5-year period, thereby greatly improving the flood control standard in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. In addition, the peak inflow to the Three Gorges Reservoir is reduced, and as a result, the flood control pressure in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is alleviated to a certain extent.